Yeats

Thomas Sturge Moore

About: 

Thomas Sturge Moore was a poet, author, playwright, wood-engraver and critic. Moore was the brother of Bloomsbury philosopher G. E. Moore. He was good friends with William Butler Yeats (introduced by Laurence Binyon in 1899).

Moore helped correct English translations of Rabindranath Tagore and Purohit Swami, and was one of the people who nominated Tagore for the Nobel Prize. Moore's wife, Marie Sturge Moore, translated Tagore's The Crescent Moon into French, which appeared in 1924 under the title La Jeune Lune. After having introduced Purohit Swami to Yeats, Moore fell out with the Swami over his work on correcting the Swami's English. When Purohit Swami offered Moore £10 as part payment for his work, Moore became offended by the sum, not expecting any payment and rather expecting a share of the royalties. Moore was also friends with the Indian artist and engraver Mukul Dey who had taught at Tagore's Santiniketan and exhibited at Wembley in 1924.

Published works: 

Altdorfer (London: At the sign of the unicorn, 1900)

Absalom (London: Unicorn Press, 1903) 

The Centaur's Booty (London: Duckworth, 1903) 

Art and Life (London: Methuen, 1910)

Tragic Mothers (London: G. Richards, 1920)

The Powers of the Air (London: G. Richards, 1920)

Judas (London: G. Richards, 1923) 

Armour for Aphrodite (London: Cayme Press, 1929)

Mystery and Tragedy (London: Cayme Press, 1930)

The Poems of T. Sturge Moore, 4 vols. (London: Macmillans, 1931-33)

The Unknown Known and a Dozen Odd Poems (London: Martin Secker for Richards Press, 1939)

Moore, T. S.  and Moore, D. C. (eds), Works and Days: From the Journal of Michael Field (London: John Murray, 1933)

Date of birth: 
04 Mar 1870
Connections: 

Laurence Binyon, Katherine Bradley, Edith Emma Cooper, Mukul Dey, Aldous Huxley, Harold Monro, Marie Sturge Moore (wife), G. E. Moore (brother), George Russell (AE), Ranjee G. Shahani, Purohit Swami, Rabindranath Tagore, William Butler Yeats.

Secondary works: 

Bridge, Bridge (ed.), W. B. Yeats and T. Sturge Moore: Their Correspondence, 1901-1937 (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1953)

Gwynn, Frederick L., Sturge Moore and the life of art (London: Richards Press, 1952)

Kelly, John, ‘Moore, Thomas Sturge (1870–1944)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/58827]

Legge, Sylvia, Affectionate Cousins: T. Sturge Moore and Marie Appia (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980)

Archive source: 

Thomas Sturge Moore Papers, MS978, Senate House Library, University of London 

Letters to Rabindranath Tagore, Visva Bharati Archives, Santiniketan

Letters to Purohit Swami, Nehru Memorial Library, New Delhi

Letters from Purohit Swami, Add MS 45732, Manuscript Collection, British Library, St Pancras

City of birth: 
Hastings
Country of birth: 
England
Other names: 

T. Sturge Moore

Date of death: 
18 Jul 1944
Location of death: 
Windsor, England
Location: 

40 Well Walk, Hampstead, London

Tags for Making Britain: 

George Russell (AE)

About: 

A chance reading of the Upanishads in the mid 1880s, and a friendship with Charles Johnston from 1885, led Russell to a study of the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. Russell was drawn into Theosophical circles through Johnston and W. B. Yeats. In 1885, he met Mohini Chatterjee in Dublin and was greatly impressed by him. This acquaintance encouraged Russell to pursue his study of Indian philosophy and literature further. In 1890, Russell gave up Art School, formally joined the Theosophical Society and dedicated the next seven years to pursuing 'the path of mysticism'. Russell spent a lot of time in meditation and became interested in yoga. Hindu and Buddhist philosophy became an influence on his poetry and artistic works, although he was also inspired by visions and his 'natural mysticism'.

Russell was known for his thorough knowledge of the Bhagavad Gita and this led to interactions with South Asian visitors to the UK, as did his friendship with Yeats. When Purohit Swami arrived in the UK in 1930, he came bearing a letter of introduction to Russell written by E. E. Speight. In Yeats's introduction to the translation of The Ten Principal Upanishads by Yeats and Purohit Swami (1937), he drew attention to the influence of Russell on him. Yeats told how Russell had been quoting the Upanishads for the 'last forty years'. Russell also had connections with Rabindranath Tagore and Ranjee G. Shahani. Shahani remarks in a letter to Tagore in 1934 that AE had often spoken of Tagore to him. In 1931, Russell was invited to meet Mahatma Gandhi in London, whose theory of non-violence had been advocated by Russell in The Interpreters, but was unable to meet him as his wife fell ill.

Published works: 

Works include (in chronological order): 

The Earth Breath and Other Poems (1897)

The Divine Vision and Other Poems (1904)

Imaginations and Reveries (1915)

The Candle of Vision (1918)

The Interpreters (1922)

Song and its Fountains (1932)

The Living Torch (1937)

Date of birth: 
10 Apr 1867
Secondary works: 

Kuch, Peter R., ‘Russell, George William (1867–1935)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford University Press, 2004)[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/35880]

Kuch, Peter, Yeats and A.E. 'The antagonism that unites dear friends' (Gerards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1986)

Lennon, Joseph, Irish Orientalism (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2004)

Summerfield, Henry, That Myriad-Minded Man: A Biography of George William Russell "AE" 1867-1935 (Gerrards Cross: Colin Smythe, 1975)

Archive source: 

Correspondence files in Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington

Papers, Armagh County Museum, Northern Ireland

Papers, National Library of Ireland, Dublin

Some Correspondence Files, Manuscript Collection, British Library, St Pancras

 

City of birth: 
Lurgan, Ulster
Country of birth: 
Ireland
Current name country of birth: 
Northern Ireland
Other names: 

AE

George William Russell

Date of death: 
17 Jul 1935

Iseult Gonne

About: 

Iseult Gonne was the daughter of the Irish nationalist, Maud Gonne. As an illegitimate daughter who lived in France, it was not until the divorce case between Maud Gonne and John MacBride took place in 1905-6 that her existence became known to the wider public. W. B. Yeats, Maud Gonne's lifelong admirer, knew of Iseult's existence from 1898 and became a close part of her life. Yeats proposed to Maud Gonne in July 1916 and then Iseult soon after. He was rejected by both. Maud and Iseult Gonne were both the subjects of a number of poems written by Yeats.

In 1913, Iseult met Rabindranath Tagore. Inspired by his poetry, she began to learn Bengali in 1914. She was tutored by Devabrata Mukerjea, with whom she also had an affair. Together, in France, they translated some of Tagore's The Gardener into French directly from the Bengali. Tagore left it to Yeats' discretion to decide the merit of the work, but Yeats did not feel sufficiently bilingual in French to judge them. The translations were never published. Iseult attracted a number of other men, including Ezra Pound. In 1920, she married Francis Stuart, a poet of Ulster descent. When Maud Gonne died in 1953, Iseult was not acknowledged as her mother's daughter in her will. Iseult died a year later.

Date of birth: 
06 Aug 1894
Connections: 

Maud Gonne (mother), Devabrata Mukerjea (Bengali tutor and lover), Ezra Pound, Francis Stuart (husband), Rabindranath Tagore, William Butler Yeats.

Secondary works: 

Finneran, R. J., Harper, G. M., and Murphy, W. M. (eds), Letters to W. B. Yeats, volume 2, (London: Macmillan, 1977)

Jeffares, A. Norman and White, Anna MacBride (eds), Always Your Friend: The Gonne-Yeats Letters, 1893-1938 (London: Pimlico, 1992)

Jeffares, A. Norman, White, Anna MacBride, and Bridgwater, Christina (eds), Letters to W. B. Yeats and Ezra Pound from Iseult Gonne (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004)

MacBride, Maud Gonne, A Servant of the Queen: Her Own Story (London: Victor Gollancz, 1938)

Toomey, Deirdre, ‘Stuart , Iseult Lucille Germaine (1894–1954)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/72587]

Archive source: 

Letters, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale

Letters from Iseult Stuart to Frank Stuart, University of Ulster, Coleraine

City of birth: 
Paris
Country of birth: 
France
Other names: 

Iseult Lucille Germaine Stuart

Date of death: 
22 Mar 1954
Location of death: 
Ireland
Tags for Making Britain: 

Mohini Chatterjee

About: 

Mohini Chatterjee was an Indian Theosophist, who was sent to London in 1884 with Colonel Olcott. He was a favourite among Theosophical circles in London. Mohini Chatterjee visited Dublin in 1885 and was a deep influence on W. B. Yeats. Yeats wrote a poem entitled 'Mohini Chatterjee'.

In late 1885, Mohini Chatterjee was involved in scandal with female Theosophists. Letters from H. P. Blavatsky to the Sinnetts reveal her impression that European ladies were intent on seducing the Indian. The case came to public attention when one of the women, in response to Blavatsky's criticisms, intended to publicize letters written to her by Mohini Chatterjee. A truce between the woman and Blavatksy was arranged by 1887. 

Although he lost touch with Yeats and George Russell (AE) upon his return to India, they believed he was a lawyer in Bombay at the turn of the century. According to Harbans Rai Bachchan, the last heard of Mohini Chatterjee was that he was a blind old man, living in London with his daughter, in the early 1930s.

Published works: 

History as a Science (London: Thornton Butterworth, 1927)

Theories in Comparative Mythology and Questions and Answers (Adyar: Theosophical Publishing House, 1935)

Contributions to periodicals: 

Transactions of the London Lodge of the Theosophical Society. See June 1884, January 1885, December 1995 and June 1886.

Dublin University Review (May 1886)

Reviews: 

See poem 'Mohini Chatterjee' by William Butler Yeats.

Dublin University Review, August 1885, p. 66 (for anticipated arrival of Mohini Chatterjee to Dublin)

W. B. Yeats, 'The Way of Wisdom', The Speaker, 14 April 1900, pp. 40-1

Secondary works: 

Bachchan, Harbans Rai, W. B. Yeats and Occultism: A Study of his Works in Relation to Indian Lore, the Cabbala, Swedenborg, Boehme and Theosophy (London: Books from India Ltd, 1976)

Sri, P. S., 'Yeats and Mohini Chatterjee' in Warwick Gould (ed.) Yeats Annual No. 11 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995), pp. 61-76

The Letters of H. P. Blavatsky to A. P. Sinnett and other Miscellaneous Letters, transcribed, compiled and with an introduction by A. T. Barker (London T. Fisher Unwin, 1925)

The Mahatma Letters: To A. P. Sinnett from the Mahatmas M & K. H., transcribed, compiled and with an introduction by A. T. Barker (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1923)

Country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Mohini Chatterji

Dates of time spent in Britain: 

1884-

Tags for Making Britain: 

Govinda Krishna Chettur

About: 

G. K. Chettur, arrived to study at New College, Oxford, in October 1918, just before the Armistice. He had been educated at Madras Christian College and his father, P. K. Krishna Menon, had been a Government Servant. Funding for his studies at Oxford were supplied by Sir C. Senkaramhair from Simla. He graduated with a Third in history in 1921.

Chettur was a member of the Lotus Club and the Oxford Majlis (he was President in Hilary Term, 1920) and was able to meet Rabindranath Tagore and W. B. Yeats through these societies. Yeats spoke to the Majlis in November 1919 on the poet Manmohan Ghose and Chettur obtained a photo of Yeats in his New College room. Chettur published his first anthology of poems in 1922 with a dedication to Yeats, and was inspired by Yeats to publish his memories of his students days. During his time in Oxford, Chettur met a number of other poets based in Oxford and Sarojini Naidu, who made frequent visits to Oxford. His publications were reviewed in the British Press.

During his student days, Chettur saw the play 'Tilly of Bloomsbury' by Ian Hay, where an Indian student was depicted as a humiliating figure. Chettur was so angry and offended by this portrayal that he wrote a letter to the Vice-Chancellor in complaint. Chettur was principal of the Government College in Mangalore from 1922 and continued to write and publish poetry in India.

Published works: 

Sounds and Images (London: Erskine Macdonald, 1922)

Gumataraya (Mangalore: Basel Mission Bookshop, 1932)

The Temple Tank and Other Poems (Mangalore: Basel Mission Bookshop, 1932)

The Triumph of Love (Mangalore: Basel Mission Bookshop, 1932)

The Last Enchantment: Recollections of Oxford (Mangalore: Basel Mission Bookshop, 1934) [Majority first contributed to the Madras Mail, 1921-2]

The Shadow of God: A Sonnet-Sequence (London: Longmans, Green and Co., Ltd, 1935)

Date of birth: 
24 Apr 1898
Connections: 

Edmund Blunden, Winifred Casson, Eric Dickinson, Robert Graves, Louis Golding, Vachell Lindsay, John Masefield, Sarojini Naidu, Sankaran Nair (uncle), Robert Nichols, W. F. Stead, Arthur Symons, Rabindranath Tagore, William Butler Yeats.

Reviews: 

Aberdeen Mail

Christian World

Daily Express

London Mercury

London Times Literary Supplement

Modern Review

Secondary works: 

Selected Poetry of Govinda Krishna Chettur: http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poet/391.html

Involved in events: 

Attended Indian Students' Conference, 1918.

City of birth: 
Madras
Country of birth: 
India
Current name city of birth: 
Chennai
Current name country of birth: 
India

Location

New College Oxford, OX1 3BN
United Kingdom
51° 45' 15.5232" N, 1° 15' 5.4864" W
Date of death: 
03 Mar 1936
Date of 1st arrival in Britain: 
01 Oct 1918
Precise 1st arrival date unknown: 
Y
Dates of time spent in Britain: 

1918-21 (Oxford)

Tags for Making Britain: 
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