{"id":578,"date":"2015-06-26T21:29:50","date_gmt":"2015-06-26T21:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/?p=578"},"modified":"2015-11-27T15:49:05","modified_gmt":"2015-11-27T15:49:05","slug":"is-the-not-so-beautiful-mens-game-putting-people-off-womens-football","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/?p=578","title":{"rendered":"Is the not-so beautiful men\u2019s game putting people off women\u2019s football?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>By Helen Owton and Mark Doidge<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The FIFA Women\u2019s World Cup is getting to the business end of the tournament. On Friday and Saturday the quarter-final matches will kick off with an enticing prospect as Germany take on France. It conjures up memories of classic tussles in the men\u2019s game, not least the infamous 1982 World Cup semi-final which saw German goalkeeper Harald Schumacher\u2019s \u201cassault\u201d on Patrick Battiston. The trouble is, it may be just these sorts of comparisons which are holding back the growth of interest in the women\u2019s game.<\/p>\n<p>In the current tournament, although matches featuring France and the hosts Canada have been popular and partisan, other games have been sparsely supported. Whilst the global television coverage is touted to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sport\/0\/football\/33019625\" >exceed one billion viewers<\/a>, there have still been questions about the lack of spectators, and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2015\/jun\/21\/guardian-view-womens-football-world-cup-put-out-more-flags\" >lack of media analysis of women\u2019s football in general<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86222\/area14mp\/image-20150624-834-1xr2blk.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86222\/width668\/image-20150624-834-1xr2blk.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\n<span class=\"caption\">Crowd trouble.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/gotovan\/18760038695\/in\/photolist-uzL6V2-uiaVx7-uiayGs-uiiL6e-uiauts-uiarEb-uxraaQ-uiiA3t-uzYuE2-uzYsLT-uxr299-uzYpM6-tCJqPY-uzKCJ8-uiinvK-tCJkUs-tCUqUr-uzKwBt-uzjfBj-uzjedh-uzKtiK-uiiejV-ui9ZqY-uzKqKi-uzKpBB-uzY788-uzKnwp-ui9Uhw-uzKjWz-ui9RLj-uzY1DH-uzKh26-uia7rJ-uzKeTD-uxqwnw-tCU5VP-uzKbcF-tCU2GK-ui9Yvd-ui9Xqs-uziQCh-tCTXi4-uziNab-ui9yUd-uziKyQ-uihJTB-uziFN3-tCHFaJ-upjMD2-uoUKzh\"class=\"source\"  >GoToVan<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"class=\"license\"  >CC BY<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Women\u2019s football might be one of the largest growing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/sport\/football\/news-and-comment\/womens-football-in-britain-doing-it-for-themselves-10125165.html\" >sports<\/a>, but it has a long way to go. Consider first that while Germany received $35 million for their triumph in the 2014 men\u2019s World Cup, the victors in Canada will win only <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurosport.co.uk\/football\/30-million-women-players-but-only-one-seat-at-fifa-s-table_sto4785709\/story.shtml\" >$2 million<\/a>. And women\u2019s football simply doesn\u2019t attract the same levels of spectatorship as the men\u2019s game. There are plenty of reasons for that, of course. It takes time to build a following and fanbase; to create stars.<\/p>\n<p>Potentially too, this <a href=\"http:\/\/www.spiked-online.com\/newsite\/article\/womens-football-still-not-a-spectator-sport\/17094#.VYgMr6PDWHM\" >lack of spectators<\/a> may be due to the many myths around women\u2019s football (that were beautifully <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sport\/0\/football\/33212249\" >satirised by the Norwegian team<\/a>). Sexist attitudes still exist, as exemplified by the man in charge of promoting Brazilian football, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eurosport.com\/football\/women-s-world-cup\/2015\/world-cup-daily-brazil-chief-emulates-sepp-blatter-with-depressing-sexist-comments_sto4785059\/story.shtml\" >Marco Aurelio Cunha<\/a>, who said women are \u201cgetting more beautiful, putting on make-up\u201d. Not should we forget that women\u2019s football is not celebrated in all countries, as seen in the outrage of men in <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/blogs-trending-29527556\" >Saudi Arabia<\/a>. But crucially, we fear that women\u2019s football is suffering from the tarnished image of its successful but divisive sibling \u2013 the men\u2019s game.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/UJv0-9JDc5Y?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption>The Norway team keep a straight face.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Reputational damage<\/h2>\n<p>When people say, \u201cbut I don\u2019t like football\u201d they are usually talking about men\u2019s football. This has become associated with two distinct characteristics: cynical professionalism and masculine fan culture. Elite level men\u2019s football has become associated with unnecessary diving, over-the-top showboating celebrations, disrespecting officials and questionable actions outside of the game courtesy of bloated salaries and corporate sponsorships.<\/p>\n<figure><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/WunNUA-fML4?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><figcaption>Too much?<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Whilst it is clear that football fans are not one homogenous group, a dominant form of partisanship has developed that emphasises difference through hooliganism, obssessive fandom, sexism, homophobia, racism and other forms of prejudice. Now, the \u201cbeautiful game\u201d has been tarnished by the <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/how-uefa-could-leave-fifa-and-launch-its-own-world-cup-42629\" >recent FIFA corruption and arrests<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This culture of discrimination and violence has helped to send stadium attendance of men\u2019s football into decline <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/european-soccer-finances-2014-4?IR=T\" >in many parts of Europe<\/a>. This helps to create a rump of masculine fans who perceive that as they are the only ones still attending; they are the \u201cauthentic\u201d fans.<\/p>\n<p>Obsessive fandom and the culture of masculinity nurtures a sense of authority that aims to exclude others from voicing opinions on domestic and international games. Within the game, bad calls, needless diving, and \u201cfriendly banter\u201d often dominate football talk. Within these conversations, subtle power dynamics are minimising the voice of the less masculine, less obsessive fan.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86226\/area14mp\/image-20150624-819-imhxhq.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86226\/width668\/image-20150624-819-imhxhq.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\n<span class=\"caption\">Head case. Pressure falls on FIFA.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Steffen Schmidt\/EPA<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Support network<\/h2>\n<p>While we are also falling into the trap of comparing women\u2019s and men\u2019s football, it is important to acknowledge that many of the viewing public will be doing likewise. It is important to create a space that challenges the dominant masculine culture of football, replete with prejudice, and which consequently seems to influence why people watch the game.<\/p>\n<p>Men\u2019s football is locked into a symbiotic relationship between partisan support and commercial victory. As the men\u2019s game has grown as a <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/hard-evidence-how-much-is-the-premier-league-worth-29863\" >professional and marketable industry<\/a>, the spoils of victory are manifest. Global celebrity, commercial endorsements and fan adulation can catapult male footballers into millionaires. Meanwhile, the masculine fan culture prizes these victories as <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/italys-ultras-death-threats-local-pride-and-footballing-farce-20279\" >symbolic domination over rivals<\/a>. Within this environment, a mantra of \u201cwin at all costs\u201d ensues. Ultimately the male players who dive or challenge the referee are replicating the chants and demands of the fans in the stands.<\/p>\n<p>In contrast, the crowds watching the women\u2019s game are much more diverse, far less violent, less abusive and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/entertainment\/archive\/2015\/06\/womens-soccer-is-a-feminist-issue\/394865\/\" >less prejudicial<\/a>. The current Women\u2019s World Cup shows that there can be a space within football that permits a different form of fandom and spectatorship. It\u2019s just hard to get there through the shadow cast by the big brother.<\/p>\n<h2>Cynical challenge<\/h2>\n<p>Women\u2019s football doesn\u2019t just represent the game being played well, it also represents a challenge to male-only spaces that value a very limited way of being a man. If you don\u2019t want to push these agendas forward then at least support the women and men who are willing to. As Gabby Logan <a href=\"http:\/\/www.telegraph.co.uk\/women\/womens-life\/11606246\/Gabby-Logan-Sport-shouldnt-be-something-women-do-just-to-fit-in-a-dress.html\" >argues<\/a>, women are entitled to occupy any space, and that includes sport.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"><a href=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86505\/area14mp\/image-20150626-18242-1n015r7.jpg\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/62e528761d0685343e1c-f3d1b99a743ffa4142d9d7f1978d9686.ssl.cf2.rackcdn.com\/files\/86505\/width668\/image-20150626-18242-1n015r7.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><figcaption>\n<span class=\"caption\">The Kuwait football team.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"attribution\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/dohastadiumplusqatar\/7337705552\/in\/photolist-cbpEdG-5u6uto-6fSMGu-6YmKNy-6fNEBM-6fSQGQ-6fNEmt-6fSPPC-4xHBKB-6fSH17-6fSHdG-6fNCaP-6fNBFH-6fNEu8-6fSRFs-6fSX4Y-6fSQzC-6fNDNR-6fNDnc-2CqzzK-6fNDbM-6fNBor-6fNFir-LPuF-6fNDxD-6fSRMQ-6fNDCc-6fSNpf-6fSS4o-6fND18-6fNCJz-6fNwuc-bWnssF-6fNBBp-6fSPSw-6fSRSE-6fSPXj-6fSN8j-bWnrKD-6fNLyH-bJb1f4-thLuuR-cdJPif-cdJLK7-maSjLD-pEWWY-fgCV7C-fgCPXm-pWA9Zp-cbpEsu\"class=\"source\"  >Doha Stadium Plus Qatar<\/a>, <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\"class=\"license\"  >CC BY<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Women have shown that on and off the field, they can excel in football. The BBC has shown <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/sport\/0\/football\/32628063\" >excellent coverage<\/a> by Jacqui Oatley, supported by Sue Smith, Rachel Yankey, and Rachel Brown-Finnis, and highlighted that good analysis of football is not the preserve of men; even if men perplexedly continue to dominate in coaching and match commentary roles.<\/p>\n<p>On the pitch, Germany, France and the US have shown that professional, organised and enthusiastic teams can compete in high quality games and deliver spectacular goals.<\/p>\n<p>The challenge for the women\u2019s game is that as it professionalises, it avoids the cynicism that pervades the men\u2019s game. Respecting the referee, avoiding diving and focusing on the quality of the football on the pitch has to continue in order to maintain a challenge the dominant, and damaging image of (men\u2019s) football. In this way we can remember to appreciate just how beautiful the game of football is.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.edu.au\/content\/43722\/count.gif\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/helen-owton-172537\" >Helen Owton<\/a> is Lecturer in Sport &amp; Fitness at <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/the-open-university\" >The Open University<\/a>.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mark-doidge-109214\" >Mark Doidge<\/a> is Senior Research Fellow in Sociology of Sport at <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/institutions\/university-of-brighton\" >University of Brighton<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>This article was originally published on <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\" >The Conversation<\/a>.<br \/>\nRead the <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/is-the-not-so-beautiful-mens-game-putting-people-off-womens-football-43722\" >original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Helen Owton and Mark Doidge The FIFA Women\u2019s World Cup is getting to the business end of the tournament. On Friday and Saturday the quarter-final matches will kick off with an enticing prospect as Germany take on France. It conjures up memories of classic tussles in the men\u2019s game, not least the infamous 1982 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[74,29,47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-e314","category-helen-owton","category-womens-football-world-cup-2015"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=578"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":579,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions\/579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/OU-Sport\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}