Open SenseMaking Communities

helps e-learners construct interpretations of open content courseware. It supports the Open Content movement for enabling students and educators to access material, in order to then learn from it, and reuse it either in one’s studies or one’s own courses.

The core efforts to date has focused on enabling access, e.g. building the organizational/political will to release and license content, and in developing open infrastructures for educators to then publish and reassemble it.

The key challenge in the next phase of the open content movement is to improve the support for prospective students to engage with and learn from the material, and with each other though peer learning support, in the absence of formally imposed study timetables and assessment deadlines.

KMi is now engaged in developing the next generation of tools for e-learning and collaborative sensemaking for open content learning support.

Participant(s):Simon Buckingham Shum, Marc Eisenstadt, Peter Scott, Michelle Bachler, Chris Denham, Kevin Quick, Jon Linney, Alex Little, Elia Tomadaki, Alexandra Okada

CoLearn

is a Collaborative Open Learning research community for cocreating knowledge, skills and practices with new technologies and methodologies.

This community was founded in 2000 by Dr. Okada in Brazil and became an international network in 2006 during the OpenLearn project developed by The Open University, UK.

The acronym “C” “O” “L”earn means Collaborative Open Learning. More than 3.500 members joined the community and have been participating in various collaborative open learning projects such as OpenLearn (2006-2009) OpenScout (2010-2012), weSPOT (2013-2015) and ENGAGE (2014-2016).

The term colearning was initially defined in 1996 by Frank Smith in the book “Joining the Literacy Club”. This concept was used to emphasize the importance of changing the role of, respectively, teachers and students from dispensers and receptacles of knowledge to both colearners – collaborative partners on the process of sensemaking, understanding and creating knowledge together. A decade later, Brantmeier (2005) described that colearning acts toward student- centered learning for building a more genuine “community of practice” through dynamic and participatory engagement for collective construction of knowledge.

Okada’s research (2002, 2006, 2008) defines colearning as “learning together for co-creating open knowledge through digital technologies”. Her work about colearning is grounded on Paulo Freire’s approach for emancipatory education. Her research situates colearning in the context of emerging technologies, which allow the development of knowledge, practices and skills for responsible research and innovation.

Based on the philosophy of openness, the process of colearning is enriched through wide participation for creating, adapting and sharing reusable OER for co-authoring knowledge with and for society (Okada 2012). Due to the rapid increase of co-authoring technologies and innovative pedagogies, several features which differentiate “colearning in social networks” versus the “traditional e-learning in Virtual Learning Environments” (VLE) emerged. Some of these features are: educators as “competence and knowledge mediators”, students as “colearners coauthors”, flexible curriculum integrating formal and informal learning, open multimedia content, communities of practice, co-evaluation, peer- review assessment and collaborative open learning paths.

The COLEARN network aims to investigate how these diverse features have been contributing to the process of emancipatory education, which means empowering colearners to become critical thinkers, creative collaborators, innovative researchers and responsible citizens.

Keywords: CoLearning, co-Inquiry,Responsible Research and Innovation Knowledge Mapping, Knowledge Media, Open Educational Resources, Massive Open Networks, ubiquitous Learning, 21st Century Competences.

OpenLearn

is the OU’s Open Content initiative for making educational resources freely available on the Internet, with state of the art learning support and collaboration tools to connect learners and educators.

The OpenLearn project started in 2005 with a grant from The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation (http://www.hewlett.org/). Sharing our aim to open access to education for all, they agreed to help us set up the OpenLearn website.

Since 1969, The Open University has been a pioneer in making learning materials freely available through its successful partnership with the BBC. Many of our television and radio programmes are already supported by free internet activities and print materials. We wanted to use our knowledge of the latest technologies in education to extend our mission to be open to people, places, methods and ideas. The vision was free online education.

Website development began in May 2006 and the site was launched in October 2006, with an aim to regularly add new content and features. OpenLearn now offers a full range of Open University subject areas from access to postgraduate level and has seen over 3 million visitors since launch. In April 2008 OpenLearn reached its target to have 5,400 learning hours of content in the LearningSpace (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/) and 8100 hours in the LabSpace (http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/).

It continues to grow representing The Open University’s commitment to opening access to education.

 
All our free courses
www.open.edu
All our free courses

Team

Simon Buckingham Shum

Alexandra Okada

Michelle Bachler

Funder

  • The Open University

  • The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation

Blog Platforms

are used to record, share, interact with readers in the internet. In research, it has been applied to generate qualitative data including observation, notes, reflections, stories and reports. The term “weblog” was coined by Jorn Barger on December 17, 1997. The short form, “blog”, was coined by Peter Merholz, who jokingly broke the word weblog into the phrase we blog in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in April or May 1999. Shortly thereafter, Evan Williams at Pyra Labs used “blog” as both a noun and verb (“to blog”, meaning “to edit one’s weblog or to post to one’s weblog”) and devised the term “blogger” in connection with Pyra Labs’ Blogger product, leading to the popularization of the terms.

Platforms

  1. WordPress – great for powerful, fully customizable blogs.

  2. Wix – perfect for combining a blog with a website.

  3. Squarespace – stunning blog designs and images.

  4. Weebly – number one for building a blog quickly and easily.

  5. Blogger – good choice for a very basic blog.

  6. Tumblr – ideal for sharing short-form, clickable content.

  7. Strikingly – best for simple, stylish, one-page blogs.

  8. SITE123 – great if you need a helping hand building a blog.

Types

Personal blogs is an ongoing online diary or commentary written by an individual, rather than a corporation or organization.

Group blogs include posts that are written and published by more than one author, based around a single uniting theme, such as technology, education or entertainment.

Microblogs is a portable communication mode with small pieces of digital content—which could be text, pictures, links, short videos, or other media—on the Internet. Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr and WeiBo.

Institutional blogs for business or not-for-profit organization or government purposes. Blogs used internally, and only available to employees via an Intranet are called corporate blogs. Companies and other organizations also use external, publicly accessible blogs for marketing, branding, or public relations purposes, denominated organizational blogs.

Aggregated blogs are the collection of aggregation of selected feeds on specific topic, product or service to provide combined view for its readers. This allows readers to concentrate on reading instead of searching for quality on-topic content and managing subscriptions.

Several blog search engines have been used to search blog contents, such as

References

Website Builder

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog

Reference Managers

is commonly used by researchers (individuals or teams) to organise a central database of references.

The key advantage of collaborative database is the opportunity to have multiple users adding and editing records at the same time. It is possible to specify for each user read-only or edit rights to the database. The competing package EndNote does not offer this functionality, but Citavi does.

The key advantaged of cloud-based reference managers are:

  • Storing all your references in one place

  • Keeping all your thoughts together

  • Adding citation automatically into Microsoft Word

Some of the most popular Reference managers are

  • Citavi
  • EndNote
  • Mendeley
  • Zotero
  • PaperPile

References:

Comparison of reference management software

Qualitative Analysis Tools

focus on unstructured and non-numerical data. Qualitative data include fieldnotes, open questionnaires, interviews, focus groups, participant-observation, audio or video recordings in natural settings, documents of various kinds (publicly available or personal, paper-based or electronic records that are already available or elicited by the researcher), and even material artefacts.

The use of these data is informed by various methodological or philosophical frameworks, as part of various methods, such as ethnography, discourse analysis , interpretative phenomenological analysis and other phenomenological methods.

Qualitative research methods have been used in education, sociology, anthropology, political science, psychology and social work .

The most common qualitative data analysis software are:

  • ATLAS.ti

  • Dedoose

  • MAXQDA

  • NVivo

  • QDA MINER

Statistical tools

are software applications to examine an observable phenomena using statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. These are used also in mixed or multi methods studies for validating instruments, analysing patterns, supporting interpretation and providing evidence for research findings. Statistical tools and methods help researchers to provide meaning to the meaningless numbers.

Tools

  • G-Power is a tool to compute statistical power analyses for many different t tests, F tests, χ2 tests, z tests and some exact tests

  • ANOVA – Analysis of variance uses the same conceptual framework as linear regression

  • SPSS – Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, is a software package used for interactive or batched, statistical analysis.

  • CHIC – Cohesive Hierarchical Implicative Classification is a data analysis tool based on SIA (Statistical implicative analysis). Its aim is to discover the more relevant implications between states of different variables.

References

Basic statistical tools in research and data analysis

General Statistical Resources

  • Statpages: Web pages that perform statistical calculations statpages.info Great general reference with lots of interactive pages. Links to online statistical pages. Worth browsing the intro page to see all the available resources.

  • Reading Statistics and Research www.readingstats.com Companion website for the book: Huck SW. Reading Statistics and Research 6th edition. Boston: Pearsons, 2012: The website has lots of quizzes and resources to work through. The “Misconceptions” section is good to help solidify key concepts.

  • Open Epi: Open Source Epidemologic Statistics for Public Health www.openepi.com Tool bar makes this easy navigate. Has sample size calculator as well as many other resources.

  • Rice University Virtual Lab in Statistics onlinestatbook.com/rvls.html

  • Hyperstat: statistics “book” with links to other stat sites; simulations and demonstrations: lots of visuals to explain concepts; case studies with some medical examples; and analysis lab demonstrates how to work with data.

  • Statistics to use www.physics.csbsju.edu/stats Covers common statistical tests and concepts. Good graphics to illustrate points.

  • Simple Interactive Statistical Analysis www.quantitativeskills.com/sisa Allows you to conduct statistical analysis directly in the program. Good to give you a feel for how the different statistical tests work.

  • CDC: Epi Info Home Page www.cdc.gov/EpiInfo Free downloadable software for handling data sets, conducting surveys. Has sample size calculator as well.

  • Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics plus search any stats term you are looking up

Resources for finding statistics on diseases and demographics

  • CDC: Data and Statistics www.cdc.gov/DataStatistics Links to scientific data on statistics and scientific laboratory data.

  • National Center for Health Statistics www.cdc.gov/nchs Provides national health, morbidity, and mortality statistics and offers free access to specific data warehouses.

Survey research tools

are useful for generating data at scale using a list of questions. It aims at extracting specific data from a particular group of people.

Forms and survey tools are commonly used for research, improving process, identifying needs and providing recommendations. Survey research is often used to assess beliefs, thoughts, opinions, behaviours and feelings.

Some of the most popular survey research tools are:

  • Qualtrics

  • Survey Monkey

  • Google Forms

  • SoGoSurvey

  • Typeform.

  • Zoho Survey

  • Survey Gizmo

  • Survey Planet

Academic Search Engines

support users in an academic setting for finding and accessing articles in scientific journals, institutional repositories, archives and databases, including collections of scientific articles.

These tools are useful for research, which includes exploring trends, developing literature review, building ideas and supporting claims.

In Education, STEM, Social Science, and transdisciplinary topics we have been using:

COnnecting REpositories (CORE)

IEEE Xplore (IEEE)

ERIC: Educational Resource Information Center

PsycINFO (APA)

SciELO (FAPESP, CNPQ)

Scopus and Science Direct (Elsevier)

SpringerLink (Springer)

Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics)

WorldWideScience (WWS Alliance)

Knowledge Mapping

refers to techniques and technologies to portray knowledge of individuals, communities and networks. It can include perspectives of users, sources, flows, constraints and knowledge within an organisation. It is a navigation aid to both explicit and tacit knowledge, showing the importance and the relationships between knowledge, sources and dynamics.

Platforms:

CMap tools

FreeMind

Nestor Web Cartographer

Compendium

MindMap

MindMeister

LucidChart

LiteMap

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_concept-_and_mind-mapping_software