{"id":23131,"date":"2023-03-27T11:30:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-27T10:30:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ounews.co\/?p=23131"},"modified":"2023-03-27T11:30:03","modified_gmt":"2023-03-27T10:30:03","slug":"four-ways-the-uk-economy-is-being-hampered-by-the-private-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/arts-social-sciences\/four-ways-the-uk-economy-is-being-hampered-by-the-private-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"Four ways the UK economy is being hampered by the private\u00a0sector"},"content":{"rendered":"
Alan Shipman<\/a> is a senior lecturer in economics at The Open University. Here he talks about ways the private sector is hampering today’s UK economy and points to four ways it is doing so.<\/em><\/em><\/em>\u00a0<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

The UK government has decided to go ahead with a rise in corporation tax<\/a> in April 2023. The move is a clear reversal of the tax reduction which previous chancellors hoped would encourage output and innovation.<\/p>\n

The idea of lowering corporation tax to boost growth (and ultimately tax revenue) failed spectacularly<\/a> under Liz Truss\u2019s short-lived premiership. And as the current chancellor Jeremy Hunt explained<\/a> in his recent budget: \u201cEven at 19%, our corporation tax regime did not incentivise investment as effectively as countries with higher headline rates.\u201d<\/p>\n

In raising corporation tax to 25%, the government has conceded that companies have not been investing productively. Despite corporation tax rates falling to 19% from 28%<\/a> in 2010, and historically low borrowing costs (with interest rates close to zero<\/a> to help businesses recover from the 2008 global financial crisis), business investment took until 2016 to recover to its pre-crisis share of GDP, which was already low in comparison to the EU.<\/p>\n

Corporate Britain preferred to either save<\/a> its profits, or pay out dividends to shareholders, revealing four deep-rooted structural problems behind the UK\u2019s growth problem.<\/p>\n

1. Profits don\u2019t guarantee more investment<\/h2>\n

Research shows<\/a> that larger firms in the UK are more cautious about any boost in profits, compared to their counterparts in the EU. It takes an unusually large profit boost to give them an incentive to invest.<\/p>\n

Investment may also be depressed by the increase in the number of firms whose profit relies<\/a> on securing intellectual property rights, particularly in sectors like pharmaceuticals and software, where these are strongly protected. As these rights raise profits by restricting access to the market to new products, they can lessen the incentive for companies to invest in more production.<\/p>\n

It is an extension of what\u2019s known as the \u201cinnovators\u2019 dilemma\u201d, where market leaders hesitate over developing new products that could take away sales and profits from their current range.<\/p>\n

Business strategists often advise<\/a> that when capital costs are unusually low \u2013 as in the UK\u2019s low interest rate phase from 2008 to 2020 \u2013 it\u2019s best to lessen the focus on profit and instead go for growth. But with interest rates now rising, much of UK plc has left it too late.<\/p>\n

2. Higher investment hasn\u2019t driven faster growth<\/h2>\n

In 2016, when UK business investment finally recovered to levels similar to those before the 2008 financial crisis (around 10% of GDP), growth didn\u2019t pick up<\/a> as conventional forecast models had expected.<\/p>\n

Trends are worsening further as the recovery from the devastating impact of COVID stalls. One cause appears to be what\u2019s referred to as \u201cfinancialisation<\/a>\u201d: when non-financial firms chase profit through financial and real estate investment, instead of spending on more productive new equipment and innovation. But this is often risky<\/a> when interest rates rise or asset prices fall.<\/p>\n

3. Defending profits can fuel inflation<\/h2>\n

Ministers and the Bank of England have urged employees<\/a> to keep pay rises below inflation, to avoid a \u201cwage push\u201d that might keep inflation high. Though many protested in an ongoing strike wave<\/a>, on the whole, wages have not matched inflation. In the year to January employees got an average wage rise<\/a> of 7% in the private sector and just 4.8% in the public, compared to consumer price inflation of 10.1%.<\/p>\n

\"Piles
Some firms have been reluctant to invest profit.<\/span>
\nAndrii Yalanskyi\/Shutterstock<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In contrast, the speed with which companies raised prices to match (or even exceed) their rise in costs, suggests the \u201cprofit push\u201d has been stronger<\/a> than any wage push in driving inflation upwards.<\/p>\n

UK firms have done better than their employees at protecting income against the rising cost of living. But because they won\u2019t return the favour, and invest to improve productivity and let wages rise, the chancellor has chosen to tax those profits more and spend the proceeds himself.<\/p>\n

4. Public investment needs a kick-start<\/h2>\n

Chancellors since 2014 have done well to avoid the mistake of letting public investment fall<\/a> when private investment is still subdued after a crisis.<\/p>\n

But current fiscal targets<\/a> designed to stabilise UK public debt inevitably mean a squeeze on public projects (outside healthcare and defence where increases have been pledged). The latest OBR forecasts<\/a> show general government fixed investment slowing from 12.3% growth this year to just 0.4% in 2024, followed by falls of 3.3%, 1.1% and 1.4% in the years that follow.<\/p>\n

This squeeze is being worsened by the runaway costs of HS2<\/a>, now more than twice its original \u00a333 billion projection, and other over-budget mega-projects such as Hinckley Point C<\/a>, which take funds from more prosaic outlays on crumbling transport, energy, education and healthcare infrastructure.<\/p>\n

The government\u2019s spring budget envisages central government co-investing in emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, carbon capture and small nuclear reactors. But under its self-imposed investment restrictions<\/a>, the state will struggle to fund its new entrepreneurial role. And the current government\u2019s desire to be seen as \u201cpro-business\u201d cannot hide its profound irritation that the private sector didn\u2019t step up its investment performance while the funds were still flowing freely.\"The<\/p>\n

This article is republished from The Conversation<\/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Picture credit: Main image IR Stone for Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alan Shipman is a senior lecturer in economics at The Open University. Here he talks about ways the private sector is hampering today’s UK economy and points to four ways it is doing so.\u00a0 The UK government has decided to go ahead with a rise in corporation tax in April 2023. The move is a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":23132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,15],"tags":[869,1525,1640],"class_list":["post-23131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arts-social-sciences","category-society-politics","tag-fass","tag-news-home","tag-ou-home"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}