{"id":217,"date":"2007-07-11T08:59:12","date_gmt":"2007-07-11T08:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/conclave.open.ac.uk\/r.m.ferguson\/?p=217"},"modified":"2007-07-11T08:59:12","modified_gmt":"2007-07-11T08:59:12","slug":"engestrom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/?p=217","title":{"rendered":"Engestrom"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"w\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Engestr\u00f6m, Yrj\u00f6 , (2001) &#8216;Expansive Learning at Work: toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization&#8217;, Journal of Education and Work, 14:1, 133 -156<\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/span><font size=\"-1\"><span class=\"a\" \/><\/font>&#8220;<font face=\"RealpagePLA3\" size=\"3\">Gregory Bateson\u2019s (1972) theory of learning is one of the few approaches helpful for tackling this challenge. Bateson distinguished between three levels of learning. Learning I refers to conditioning, acquisition of the responses deemed correct in the given context\u2014for instance, the learning of correct answers in a classroom. Bateson points out that wherever we observe Learning I, also Learning II is going on: people acquire the deep-seated rules and patterns of behavior characteristic to the context itself. Thus, in classrooms, students learn the \u2018hidden curriculum\u2019 of what it means to be a student: how to please the teachers, how to pass exams, how to belong to groups, etc. Sometimes the context bombards participants with contradictory demands: Learning II creates as double bind. Such pressures can lead to Learning III where a person or a group begins to radically question the sense and meaning of the context and to construct a wider alternative context. Learning III is essentially a collective endeavor. As Bateson points out, processes of Learning III are rare and dangerous:&#8221;<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"RealpagePLA3\" size=\"1\"><\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">B<font face=\"RealpagePLA3\" size=\"1\">ATESON<\/font><font face=\"RealpagePLA3\" size=\"1\">, G. (1972) <\/font><em><font face=\"RealpagePLA3-Italic\" size=\"1\">Steps to an Ecology of Mind <\/font><\/em><font face=\"RealpagePLA3\" size=\"1\">(New York, Ballantine Books).<\/font><\/p>\n<p><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Engestr\u00f6m, Yrj\u00f6 , (2001) &#8216;Expansive Learning at Work: toward an activity theoretical reconceptualization&#8217;, Journal of Education and Work, 14:1, 133 -156 &#8220;Gregory Bateson\u2019s (1972) theory of learning is one of the few approaches helpful for tackling this challenge. Bateson distinguished between three levels of learning. Learning I refers to conditioning, acquisition of the responses deemed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-things-to-remember"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/r.m.ferguson\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}