{"id":1341,"date":"2022-02-02T10:26:23","date_gmt":"2022-02-02T10:26:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/?p=1341"},"modified":"2022-02-03T16:38:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T16:38:02","slug":"eco-reflexivity-in-extinction-rebellions-regenerative-culture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/?p=1341","title":{"rendered":"Eco-reflexivity in Extinction Rebellion\u2019s Regenerative Culture"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>By\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/research\/people\/mn542\"class=\"Hyperlink SCXW257353890 BCX0\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" ><span class=\"TextRun Underlined SCXW257353890 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW257353890 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Hyperlink\">Dr Maria Nita<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW257353890 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-GB\" xml:lang=\"EN-GB\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW257353890 BCX0\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"Strong\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW257353890 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:40,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Although we are often told that late modernity is self-reflexive, and grounded in self-examination this reflexivity has been critiqued from many quarters for its \u201couroboric\u201d tendencies, or for not being grounded in social practice<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">.\u00b9 <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">It is as though, with the advent of what Peter Berger called the \u2018shrinkage\u2019 of the sacred, or Max Weber called \u2018disenchantment\u2019, there were fewer and fewer vistas for sustained collective reflection\u2014\u2018Sorry folks, all we have left is this small bottle of individual self-exploration leading to an intoxicating search for self-identity. It may look small, but it is bottomless\u2026\u2019 No wonder that only something as collectively sobering as the climate crisis could bring about the new \u2018elusive virtue\u2019 of ecological reflexivity, with its components of \u202f\u2018recognition, rethinking and response\u2019 (Pickering 2019), or as Extinction Rebellion encapsulates it: \u2018<\/span><b style=\"font-size: 1rem;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Act Now<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2019.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559737&quot;:-397,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The 2018 reboot of the climate movement, Extinction Rebellion (XR), seems to have already accomplished the impossible by carrying through elements from the long 1960s transatlantic counterculture, to green millennials. When XR activists talk about REGEN\u2014the regenerative culture project at the heart of XR\u2014you can hear reverberated echoes of the alternative communes and free festivals, which seemed to have either become distant history or, may have been gestating inside new global transformative festivals (St John 2022; van den Ende 2022). Art and performance festivals had indeed preserved elements of the counterculture, but the protest spirit of the 1960s hippie culture had entered a dormant, performative, and memorialized phase (Nita and Gemie 2020). Sure, the so-called \u2018long 1960s\u2019 culture might be remembered and celebrated for two short weeks at Glastonbury or Burning Man, but could a new generation be living it out?<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">REGEN (short for \u2018regenerative culture\u2019) recaptures the ethos of civil disobedience, artistic activism, and communalism of the early hippie communes which were anticipating and preparing themselves for a future world in deep crisis (Miller 1999). Take for example the four-minute clip below where an XR activist explains this new culture in the making. She describes REGEN as \u2018the mycelium upon which XR relies for its nurturing a new society that is resilient and robust and can support us all through the changes we must inevitably face together\u2019. REGEN helps us \u2018reweave ourselves as part of a living eco-system\u2019 through climate mindfulness, expressing grief, learning resilience, and experimenting with new types of self-care and communication practices\u2014like \u2018listening circles\u2019, gatherings where people listen without directly responding to each other. Surely, these are practices of eco-reflexivity\u2014but where are they coming from?\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/WCboH6kMuHs\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/watch?v=WCboH6kMuHs\" onclick=\"javascript:urchinTracker ('\/outbound\/article\/www.youtube-nocookie.com');\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">XR Regen Culture Explained | April Griefsong | March 2019 | Extinction Rebellion UK &#8211; YouTube<\/span><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u2018Listening circles\u2019 and other such REGEN practices may seem novel in these new public and increasingly digital spaces, but they have been around for decades, incubating inside intentional communities, 12-step groups, festival cultures, and New Religious Movements. Listening circles would be familiar to those of us accustomed to \u2018sharing our experience, strength and hope\u2019 inside the Anonymous community (encompassing Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Alanon and so o<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">n) <\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\">as well as newly emerging, global, self-help practices and networks, such as \u2018Circling\u2019 and \u2018Authentic Relating\u2019.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">REGEN\u2019s material culture reflects shared physical, sensorial, and performative elements from Eco-Paganism and Green Christianity, discernible in its very fabric\u2014the organisation of place, dress, make up, media, food\u2014and common Celtic aesthetics. Andy Letcher\u2019s ethnographic work of Eco-Paganism in the 1990s British eco-protest culture shows that the Pagan Road protests were influential in propelling radical environmentalism and its methodology of non-violent direct action into the (greater) public consciousness (2002). This heroic type of environmental activism has clear Christian undercurrents: it is millenarian and Tolkienesque: there is a strong narrative of the protest as \u2018the last pitched battle of some ancient tribe against the relentless advance of modernity\u2019\u2019 (Letcher 2002, 64).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">We can recognise in XR a joint Christian and Pagan inheritance, especially in the affective repertoire embodied by the sacrifice and vulnerability that come with being arrested by the police. Green Christians and Eco-Pagans share their opposition towards modernity, with common roots in the Romantic Movement, and a \u2018back to nature\u2019 discourse \u2013 which for Christians takes on a more pastoral re-imagining of the Early church. We see these trends quite clearly in the Christian \u2018Forest Church Movement\u2019 established in Wales, in 2010, which continues to grow in the UK, becoming increasingly influential among green and liberal Christians, including Christians belonging to XR, or Christian Rebels.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Does this mean that XR and its REGEN project are \u2018religious\u2019 or akin to a new religious tradition? Well, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">everything is<\/span><\/i> <i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">a bit religious\u2014<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">given that religious traditions are simply part of the cultural fabric of contemporary society. Christianity has been with us, under various guises, for the past two millennia; we should really be expecting to find it everywhere we look. However, REGEN is quite clearly not only drawing on new spiritual practices, but importantly, it is also challenging and re-purposing contemporary spirituality, as it attempts to overtly shift our attention from \u2018the self\u2019 to our \u2018ecological selves\u2019. In that, XR is perhaps ushering in a new eco-reflexivity, with consequences for modernity and its solipsistic condition.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"1\">NOTES<\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"1\">\u00b9 On modernity and reflexivity, see\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\">Benavides, 1998; Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992. On critiques, see\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 1rem;\" data-contrast=\"auto\">Farrugia and Woodman, 2015; Adkins, 2003.<\/span><\/p>\n<p aria-level=\"1\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\">REFERENCES<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559738&quot;:240,&quot;335559739&quot;:0,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Adkins, Lisa. 2003. \u2018Reflexivity.\u2019 <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Theory, Culture &amp; Society<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 6 (1): 21-42.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Benavides, Gustavo. 1998. \u2018Modernity\u2019. In Mark Taylor (ed.) <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Critical Terms for Religious Thinking. <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Chicago &amp; London: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 186-204.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Berger, Peter. 1969. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The Sacred Canopy. Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. New York: Anchor Press.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Bourdieu, Pierre, and Wacquant, Lo\u00efc. 1992. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology. Cambridge: Polity.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Farrugia, David, and Dan Woodman. 2015. \u2018Ultimate Concerns in Late Modernity: Archer, Bourdieu and Reflexivity.\u2019 <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">The British Journal of Sociology<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 66 (4): 626-44.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Letcher, Andy. 2002. \u2018\u201cIf You go Down to the Woods Today\u2026\u201d: Spirituality and the Eco-Protest Lifestyle, Ecotheology: Journal of Religion, Nature and the Environment 7 (1): 81-87.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Miller, Timothy. 1999.The 60s communes: hippies and beyond. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Nita, Maria and Sharif Gemie, \u2018Counterculture, Local Authorities and British Christianity at the Windsor and Watchfield Free Festivals (1972\u20135)\u2019, <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Twentieth Century British History<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> 31\/1 (2020), 51 -78.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Pickering, Jonathan.\u202f2019.\u202f\u2018Ecological reflexivity: characterising an elusive virtue for governance in the Anthropocene\u2019,\u202f<\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Environmental Politics<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">,\u202f28 (7):\u202f1145-1166.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">St John, Graham. 2022. \u2018Sherpagate: Tourists and Cultural Drama at Burning Man\u2019. In: Nita M., Kidwell J.H. (eds) <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Festival Cultures<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan,\u202fpp. 169-193.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">van den Ende, Leonore. 2022. \u2018Festival Co-Creation and Transformation: The Case of Tribal Gathering in Panama\u2019<\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\">.<\/span><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> In: Nita M., Kidwell J.H. (eds) <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Festival Cultures<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan,\u202fpp. 195-226.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Weber, Max. 2007 [1946]. <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">From Max Weber.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> In H. H. Gerth and C. Wright Mills (trans. and eds) <\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Essays in Sociology.<\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> New York: Oxford University Press.<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:720}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By\u00a0Dr Maria Nita\u00a0\u00a0 Although we are often told that late modernity is self-reflexive, and grounded in self-examination this reflexivity has been critiqued from many quarters for its \u201couroboric\u201d tendencies, or for not being grounded in social practice.\u00b9 It is as though, with the advent of what Peter Berger called the \u2018shrinkage\u2019 of the sacred, or [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1341","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1341"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1346,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1341\/revisions\/1346"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1341"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1341"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.open.ac.uk\/blogs\/religious-studies\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1341"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}