medicine

Paira Mall

About: 

Paira Mall (1874-1957) was of Indian descent.

An MD, Paira Mall worked as an agent for Sir Henry Wellcome and was sent to India in 1911 to collect materials for a museum of medical history. Mall was involved in the inception of the India Society in 1910.

In 1925, India Society membership records noted Paira Mall's address as c/o National Bank of India, 26 Bishopsgate, London, EC2.

Date of birth: 
01 Jan 1874
Precise DOB unknown: 
Y
Secondary works: 

Allan, Nigel, Pearls of the Orient: Asian Treasures from the Wellcome Library (London: The Wellcome Trust, 2003)

Larson, Frances, An Infinity of Things: How Sir Henry Wellcome Collected the World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009)

Archive source: 

Photo and other material, Wellcome Library, London

Location

National Bank of India
26 Bishopsgate
London, EC2M 4NJ
United Kingdom
51° 31' 22.7424" N, 0° 4' 38.5896" W
Date of death: 
01 Jan 1957
Precise date of death unknown: 
Y
Tags for Making Britain: 

Alice Maude Sorabji Pennell

About: 

Alice Maude (Sorabji) Pennell was born in Belgaum, India, on 17 July 1874, the youngest of eight children of Sorabji Kharsedji and Franscina Sorabji. The family were descended from a small Zoroastrian community and Kharsedji was one of the earliest converts to Christianity. Settled in Poona, where Franscina founded and ran the Victoria High School, the children were, like their parents, ‘brought up English’, with strong educational values.

Alice came to England in the late 1890s. After qualifying at the London School of Medicine in 1905 she returned to India, and was working as a doctor at the Zenana Hospital in Bahawalpur when she first met the British missionary doctor Theodore Leighton Pennell in 1906. He had established a mission hospital at Bannu on the North-West Frontier and was renowned for adopting native dress and travelling unarmed in the hostile tribal areas; it was said that ‘the presence of Pennell on the Frontier is equal to that of two British regiments’.
 
Married in 1908 and widowed in 1912 when Theodore died from blood poisoning, Pennell was awarded an OBE for her work at Bannu where she remained until after the Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919). By 1925 she was living in London and had written her first novel which she successfully submitted to John Murray for publication as Children of the Border, relating the life of an Afghan chieftain’s wife on the Frontier. The Begum’s Son was published in 1928 and Doorways of the East which dealt with ‘modern affairs, unrest and political strife’ in 1931. This latter was intended by Pennell as a call for friendship and understanding between India and Britain during the Round Table Conferences (1930-2). None of her books sold beyond their original print-runs of 2,000 copies, and the latter two made losses for the publishers, who rejected her fourth novel, about an Afghan woman’s revenge.
 
During the 1930s and 1940s Pennell gave talks on Indian life, women and health at various literary and medical venues, including a radio broadcast in 1929 for the ‘Life in Foreign Lands’ series. She travelled widely, often with her friend Queen Elisabeth of Greece, and addressed groups of women doctors and other professional women – Austrian and American – while visiting Vienna, glad of the ‘many opportunities of speaking of the British point of view – and that of us who are loyal to Britain’. This was especially to counterbalance the widespread influences of both ‘our megalomaniac Gandhi’ and the American Katherine Mayo’s imperialist diatribe Mother India, considered by Pennell to be ‘not always true and very one sided’. It was support for this controversial book which damaged the social and political standing in India of her sister Cornelia Sorabji, one of the first women lawyers and a prolific author herself.
 
Pennell died at the Convent of the Holy Rood in Findon, Sussex, on 7 March 1951. Her obituary in The Times, written by her friend Brenda Spender, literary editor of Country Life, noted that like all the ‘outstanding personalities’ of the Sorabji family, Pennell ‘bore the hall-mark of fervent Christianity and complete devotion to the British throne’.

 

Published works: 

The Hero of the Afghan Frontier: The Splendid Story of T. L. Pennell retold for Boys and Girls (London: Revell 1912; London: Seeley, Service, 1915)

Pennell of the Afghan Frontier: The Life of Theodore Leighton Pennell (London: Seeley, Service; New York: E P Dutton, 1914)

Children of the Border (London: Murray, 1926)

The Begum’s Son (London: Murray, 1928)

Doorways of the East: An Indian Novel (London: Murray, 1931)

Example: 

Letter dated 2 October 1931, book file for Doorways of the East, Acc 12927/242, John Murray Archives, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

Date of birth: 
17 Jul 1874
Content: 

Her last novel Doorways of the East dealt with ‘modern affairs, unrest and political strife’ with characters depicting a spectrum of Indian, British and Anglo-Indian responses from the ultra-conservatives to anarchists who followed ‘our megalomaniac Gandhi’. Pennell wanted the book to be published before the Second Round Table Conference of Autumn 1931, to both inform readers and take advantage of the interest in Indian affairs. After the book was published, Pennell visited Vienna. A letter to her publisher, John Murray, detailed the interest amongst Austrian and American professionals there in events in India. Pennell was hoping to have her latest novel translated into German for the Austrian and German markets.

Connections: 

Cornelia Sorabji (sister), Richard Kharsedji Sorabji (brother), Dr Theodore Leighton Pennell of Bannu on India’s North West Frontier (husband), Brenda Spender (friend), HM Queen Elisabeth of Greece (friend and travel companion), Brigadier General Charles Bruce, Field-Marshall Earl Roberts of Kandahar.

Contributions to periodicals: 

Cornhill Magazine (submitted story, September 1925)

Reviews: 

Academy 86, January - June 1914, p. 231

Geographical Journal 44.4, October 1914, p. 400

TLS, 10 December 1926, p. 558

TLS, 5 August 1928, p. 714

Morning Post, 5 June 1931

Country Life, June 1931

TLS, 9 July 1931, p. 544

Extract: 

I had many opportunities of speaking of the British point of view - and that of us who are loyal to Britain...Though I am not a great writer, I can give a fair picture of both sides, I think, as my great aim is to help friendship between Britain and India  especially; and I look for International understanding as the solution of our difficulties

Secondary works: 

Burton, Antoinette, At the Heart of Empire: Indians and the Colonial Encounter in Late-Victorian Britain (New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, 1998)

Gooptu, Suparna, Cornelia Sorabji: India Pioneer Woman Lawyer, A Biography (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006)

Innes, C. L., A History of Black and Asian Writing in Britain, 1700-2000, 2nd edn (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008)

Relevance: 

With the duality of Indian birth and English upbringing and marriage, Pennell’s work - ‘written with the understanding that is mine from being myself Indian, and yet with an appreciation of the western point of view, because of my western education and connections’ – attempted to hold on to a vision of benign British rule over an Indian empire. Sales figures for Doorways of the East were poor in Britain and India, and American publishers had declined it; Pennell was trying to widen the appeal (and sales) of her work.

Archive source: 

John Murray Archives, National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

Involved in events: 

Lady Carmichael of Skirling’s Reception of Round Table Conference at the British Indian Union rooms, Grosvenor Gardens, London, 25 November 1930 (attended)
East India Association Reception at Grosvenor House, Park Lane, to meet representatives of India at the Imperial Conference, 11 June 1937 (attended)
His Majesty’s Government Reception at Lancaster House, St James’s, in honour of the 9th Imperial Social Hygiene Congress, 12 July 1939 (attended)
Talk on ‘The Women of India’ at City Literary Institute, London, 3 April 1943
Talk on ‘Health in India' at Ling Physical Education Association, Homerton College, Cambridge, 20 April 1943
Talk at Society of Women Journalists, Stationers’ Hall, London, 9 January 1947

City of birth: 
Belgaum
Country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Ailsa Sorabji

Mrs Theodore Pennell

Date of death: 
07 Mar 1951
Location of death: 
Findon, Sussex
Date of 1st arrival in Britain: 
01 Jan 1899
Precise 1st arrival date unknown: 
Y
Dates of time spent in Britain: 

Not before 1894, perhaps nearer to 1899; medical training until 1905; visit 1910; from 1920s to death in 1951, between extended visits to India and travels in America, Europe and the Middle East

 

Frederick Mahomed

About: 

Frederick Akbar Mahomed was the grandson of Sake Dean Mahomed, the shampooing surgeon of Brighton. He was a pioneer of clinical medical research, especially in the field of blood pressure.

Mahomed was born in Brighton and studied medicine at Sussex County Hospital and Guy's Hospital, London. In 1872, he qualified as Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS), and he married Ellen Clark in 1873. Following jobs in Highgate, Islington and Paddington, he was appointed resident medical registrar at Guy's in 1877. He also qualified for a Bachelor of Medicine from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and was elected Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1880.

Mahomed modified the sphymograph to measure blood pressure and was the first person in Britain to recognize that high blood pressure was a primary condition of kidney damage (and not the other way round). He was also the instigator of a record of clinical, hereditary and anthropological features of disease known as the Collective Investigation Record. He died of typhoid aged 35, and to help his wife and five children a subscription was set up at St Mary's and Guy's by his medical colleagues.

Published works: 

'Chronic Bright's Disease without Albuminuria', Guy's Hospital Reports 25 (1881), pp. 295-416

Date of birth: 
11 Apr 1849
Secondary works: 

Cameron, J. Stewart and Hicks, J., 'Frederick Akbar Mahomed and his Role in the Description of Hypertension at Guy's Hospital', Kidney International 49 (1996), pp. 1491-3

Moore, Norman, ‘Mahomed, Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar (1849–1884)’, rev. Rachel E. Davies, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/17797]

Shaw, A. Batty, 'Frederick Akbar Mahomed and his Contribution to the Study of Bright's Disease', Guy's Hospital Reports 101.1-4 (1952), pp. 159-60

Swales, J. D., 'Frederick Akbar Mahomed (1849-1884) Pioneer of Clinical Research', Journal of Human Hypertension 10 (1996), pp. 139-40

Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto Press, 2002)

City of birth: 
Brighton
Country of birth: 
England
Other names: 

Frederick Akbar Mahomed

Frederick Henry Horatio Akbar Mahomed

Locations

Guy's Hospital SE1 9RT
United Kingdom
51° 30' 11.3616" N, 0° 4' 39.8676" W
Black Lion Street Brighton, BN1 1ND
United Kingdom
50° 49' 24.3984" N, 0° 8' 20.2596" W
Date of death: 
22 Nov 1884
Location of death: 
London, England
Tags for Making Britain: 

Rukhmabai

About: 

Born in 1864, Rukhmabai was married at 11 years to Dadaji Bhikaji, then aged nineteen. When her in-laws insisted that she move into the marital home some years later, Rukhmabai refused and the case was brought to court. The case came to the attention of the British press as the issue of child marriage and the rights of women were brought to the fore. Although the case went in Rukhmabai's favour, an appeal went in Dadaji's favour.

A fund was raised for Rukhmabai to travel to England to study medicine. In 1889, she arrived in England. She enrolled in the London School of Medicine and qualified as a doctor in 1894 (having also studied at the Royal Free Hospital). She then returned to India and worked as the Medical Officer for Women in Surat for twenty two years and then in Rajkot for twelve years.

Published works: 

'Indian Child Marriage (an Appeal to the British Government)', New Review, 16 (Sept. 1890), pp. 263-9

'Purdah - the Need for its Abolition', in Mithan Choksi and Evelyn Gedge (eds) Women in Modern India (Fifteen Papers by Indian Women Writers) (Bombay: D. B. Taraporewala & Co., 1929)

Date of birth: 
01 Jan 1864
Connections: 

Harvey Carlisle (wrote to The Times with Rukhmabai's letter in 1887), B. M. Malabari, Louisa Martindale (classmate at London School of Medicine), Sir Monier Williams (wrote to the press in relation to her case), Dr Edith Pechey Phipson (championed Rukhmabai in Bombay and helped raise funds for her to study in UK), Eve McLaren, Pandita Ramabai, Cornelia Sorabji.

Contributions to periodicals: 

'Letter to editor', The Times (9 April 1887)

Notice', The Times (15 May 1894)

Precise DOB unknown: 
Y
Secondary works: 

Burton, Antoinette, 'From Child Bride to "Hindoo Lady": Rukhmabai and the Debate on Sexual Respectability in Imperial Britain', The American Historical Review 103.4 (October 1998), pp. 1119-46

Chandra, Sudhir, Enslaved Daughters: Colonialism, Law and Women's Rights (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998)

Forbes, Geraldine, Women in Modern India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

de Souza, Eunice and Pereira, Lindsay (eds), Women's Voices: Selections from Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Indian Writing in English (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002)

Archive source: 

The Times, 1887

City of birth: 
Bombay
Country of birth: 
India
Current name city of birth: 
Mumbai
Current name country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Rukhmabhai

Location

London School of Medicine for Women NW3 2QG
United Kingdom
51° 33' 48.6144" N, 0° 11' 2.2236" W
Date of death: 
01 Jan 1955
Precise date of death unknown: 
Y
Location of death: 
Bombay, India
Dates of time spent in Britain: 

1889-94

Susila Anita Bonnerjee

About: 

Susila Bonnerjee (known as Susie) was the daughter of W. C. Bonnerjee and his wife, Hemangini. Born in India, she first moved to England as a child and lived in the family house in Croydon. Her parents travelled between England and India frequently with the intention to educate all their children in England. Susila attended the Croydon High School for Girls and then gained admission to Newnham College, Cambridge in 1891 (as her sister had). Susila was awarded a second class in her Part 1 exams in 1894. She then joined the London School of Medicine for Women, and was attached to the Royal Free Hospital. Susila gained her MB degree in 1899.

A little later she returned to India and worked in Calcutta and at the St Stephen's Mission at Delhi. After her father's death in 1906, Susila took up research work at Cambridge. She was Demonstrator of Physiology in Balfour Laboratory, Newnham College, 1910-12, and was in private practice at Ealing for five years. In 1911 she became Secretary of the Indian Women’s Education Association, which was involved in raising funds to educate Indian women in England in methods of teaching. During the war, in 1915, she went to Calcutta but returned to England in early 1916. She left for India again in 1918 due to declining health and died in September 1920 in Lahore.

Connections: 

W. C. Bonnerjee, Janaki Agnes Majumdar (sister).

Through the Indian Women's Education Association: Countess of Minto (President), Lady Lyall and Princess Sophia Duleep Singh (Vice-President), Maharani of Cooch Behar, B. Bhola-Nauth, Sarala Ray, Lolita Roy.

Reviews: 

Obituary by Harihar Das,  Britain and India 1.9 (Oct-Dec. 1920), pp 360-1

The Times (28 Feb. 1912)

Secondary works: 

Burton, Antoinette (ed.), and Majumdar, Janaki Agnes Penelope, Family History (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2003)

Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto, 2002)

Archive source: 

London School of Medicine for Women Archives, Royal Free Hospital Archives Centre, London

Newnham College Archives, Newnham College, Cambridge

Sir William Wedderburn mentions Miss Bonnerjee in a letter to Mrs Fawcett, 25 Feb 1916, 7MGF/A/1/162, The Women's Library, London Metropolitan University

Involved in events: 

Indian Women's Education Association's promotion of Kumar Sambhava or The Coming of the Prince, Court Theatre, March 1912

City of birth: 
Calcutta
Country of birth: 
India
Current name city of birth: 
Kolkata
Current name country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Susie

Locations

Bedford Park, Croydon London, CR0 2BS
United Kingdom
51° 23' 10.824" N, 0° 2' 58.7364" W
Hamilton Road, Ealing London, W4 1AL
United Kingdom
51° 29' 23.0532" N, 0° 16' 7.7952" W
Newnham College, Cambridge , CB3 9DF
United Kingdom
52° 12' 0.6336" N, 0° 6' 26.0028" E
Date of death: 
25 Sep 1920
Location of death: 
Lahore, India (Pakistan)
Dates of time spent in Britain: 

1874-1918 (with spells in India during this period)

Location: 

'Kidderpore', 8 Bedford Park, Croydon, London (family home from c. 1890)

43 Hamilton Road, Ealing, London (location of her home and private practice)

Upendra Krishna Dutt

About: 

Upendra Krishna Dutt travelled to Britain in 1875 or 1876 on a Gilchrist Scholarship to study medicine at London University. After qualifying, he remained in Britain practising at Leicester and then buying a medical practice in Cambridge. He faced a deal of racial prejudice in  securing employment as a doctor after qualifying. Dutt married the Swedish writer Anna Palme in England. She was a distant relative of Olaf Palme, later Swedish Prime Minister.

The Dutt family were close-knit despite financial insecurity. From 1891, Dutt hosted the Cambridge Majlis society meetings in his home. Two of Dutt's sons, Rajani and Clemens, became active members of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Their involvement in politics was  influenced by their father's work as a doctor in working-class areas of Cambridge.

Date of birth: 
01 Jan 1857
Precise DOB unknown: 
Y
Secondary works: 

Callaghan, John, Rajani Palme Dutt (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1993)

Lahiri, Shompa, Indians in Britain: Anglo-Indian Encounters, Race and Identity, 1800-1930 (London: Frank Cass, 2000)

Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto, 2002)

Archive source: 

R. P. Dutt Papers, Communist Party Archives, University of Central Lancashire

City of birth: 
Calcutta
Country of birth: 
India
Current name city of birth: 
Kolkata
Current name country of birth: 
India

Location

Cambridge, CB1 1LL
United Kingdom
52° 11' 46.9428" N, 0° 11' 55.4748" E
Date of 1st arrival in Britain: 
01 Jan 1876
Precise 1st arrival date unknown: 
Y
Tags for Making Britain: 

Jainti Saggar

About: 

Jainti Saggar originally came to Britain to study medicine at University College, St Andrews. He settled in Dundee – becoming, quite possibly, the town’s first South Asian resident – and remained in Scotland for the rest of his life. After completing his medical degree, he went on to gain diplomas in ophthalmic medicine, public health, surgery. He had a keen interest in education as well as in health, serving as chairman of the Public Libraries Committee and as a member of the committee of the local branch of the Nursery Schools Association of Great Britain. His concern for social welfare also led him into the sphere of politics. He joined the Labour Party and was elected town councillor in 1936, becoming the first black or Asian local authority councillor in Scotland – and in a district where there was not a single ‘black vote’. Saggar went on to serve as a Labour councillor for eighteen years, and was instrumental in the adoption of Krishna Menon as parliamentary candidate for Dundee in 1939.

Saggar married Jane Quinn, the daughter of a bailie and a town councillor of Dundee. On his death, the Lord Provost of Dundee, William Hughes, said: ‘He was a man of compassion for everyone in need…he came to Dundee from halfway across the world but no son of Dundee had greater love for its people or worked harder in their interest. Dundee is much poorer by his passing’ (Maan, p. 128). The naming of a Dundee street and local library after Saggar and his brothers (one of whom, Dhani Ram, also worked as a doctor in the town) is further evidence of the great esteem in which he was held.

Date of birth: 
01 Jan 1898
Connections: 

V. K. Krishna Menon

Labour Party, National Health Service.

Precise DOB unknown: 
Y
Secondary works: 

Maan, Bashir, The New Scots: The Story of Asians in Scotland (Edinburgh: Donald, 1992)

Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto, 2002)

Visram, Rozina, 'Saggar, Jainti Dass (1898–1954)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2012) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/71/101071631/]

City of birth: 
Daherra, Ludhiana, Punjab
Country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Jainti Dass Saggar

Dr Saggar

Location

Dundee, Scotland, DD1 1DB
United Kingdom
56° 27' 35.6076" N, 2° 59' 19.8024" W
Date of death: 
01 Jan 1974
Precise date of death unknown: 
Y
Location of death: 
Dundee, Scotland
Date of 1st arrival in Britain: 
01 Jan 1919
Precise 1st arrival date unknown: 
Y
Dates of time spent in Britain: 

1919 until his death

Harbans Lall Gulati

About: 

Harbans Lall Gulati completed his medical training in Lahore, becoming an officer in the Indian Medical Service in 1916. On his arrival in England, he discovered that his medical qualifications were not recognized and so repeated his training at Charing Cross Hospital, doing unskilled work by night in order to pay his fees. He qualified in 1926 and began work as a GP in Battersea shortly afterwards. In his obituary in the British Medical Journal, he is described as a pioneer of the ‘meals-on-wheels’ service, as well as an active member of the St John and Red Cross organizations. He was also associated with the Royal Westminster Opthalmic Hospital.

In 1934 Gullati became a Conservative member of the local council, resigning from the party in 1947 because of their lack of support for the National Health Service. He went on to join the Socialist Medical Association as well as the Labour Party becoming a Labour member of the LCC for South Battersea and later standing (unsuccessfully) for parliamentary candidature. He was an active member of the committee of the Indian YMCA in London, as well as a magistrate and a Freemason.

He was married and had two sons and a daughter.

Date of birth: 
01 Jan 1896
Connections: 

Conservative Party, Indian YMCA, Labour Party, London County Council, National Health Service, Red Cross, Socialist Medical Association.

Precise DOB unknown: 
Y
Secondary works: 

Obituary, British Medical Journal (22 July 1967), p. 247

Visram, Rozina, Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History (London: Pluto, 2002)
 

City of birth: 
Punjab
Country of birth: 
India
Other names: 

Dr Harbans Lall Gulati

Locations

Charing Cross Hospital
Fulham Palace Road
London, W6 8RF
United Kingdom
51° 29' 14.4708" N, 0° 13' 18.2892" W
Royal Westminster Ophthalmic Hospital
City Road
London, EC1V 2PD
United Kingdom
51° 31' 45.318" N, 0° 5' 44.34" W
Date of death: 
13 Jun 1967
Location of death: 
England
Date of 1st arrival in Britain: 
01 Jan 1920
Precise 1st arrival date unknown: 
Y
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