Category Archives: Research progress

Going around in circles

In the last month my entire thesis has undergone a radical rethink, as I have moved completely away from community, to consideration of temporality in the context of asynchronous dialogue. I think this is the right move to make – I’ve got excellent data to support a study of temporality, and it fits in with lots of my other interests – from history to English language, it all has the potential to jigsaw together.

 BUT… I’ve only got six months to go. Six. Count them. And they include the summer holidays and the Easter holidays, and the inevitable period when my thesis is out being reviewed by someone as yet unidentified. And temporality is a huge field to be taking on – especially when no one really seems to have dealt with temprality in the context of asynchronous dialogue.

Time for analysis

Not so much a blog post, as a thinking process.

When I pointed out in my lit review that a key thing about asynchronous dialogue was, um, it was asynchronous, I didn’t realise I’d then get tied up in a whole new debate about time scales, and learning trajectories and how you study the temporal aspect of classroom talk. This is scarily wide ranging. The article I’ve just read goes from the nano second (chemical synthesis, on a scale of 10 seconds to the power of minus five) to the 32-billion-year time scale (universal change, on a scale of 10 seconds to the power of 18). The semester, should you be interested, is fairly central in this scale (10 seconds to the power of seven, or four months in regular speak), Actually, the course I’m studying ran from November to February, which puts it about midway between chemical synthesis and universal change. Hmmm, I think I need to narrow my focus 🙂

The Martini affordances of asynchronous dialogue – any time, any place, anywhere – tie in with a temporal analysis, because people tend to claim that you can do it any time. But, of course, you can’t. In fact, my groups are all weaving together extremely different timetables. They’re in different timezones, they’re at work from six till midnight, they’re out pumping iron, they’re leafing through the articles in their lunch hour, they’re online while the baby is asleep, or in the few minutes before the library closes, or before they collapse for the evening with a glass of wine. This in comparison with the F2F residential school, where everyone has dropped everything to spend a week on a group project. So, in the background, is always the regular routine – the things which people just can’t get out of doing, especially when they can go online anytime.

Then there’s the several-year timescale. They’ve done one or more other OU courses, they’re probably signed up for a few in the future, they’re training for a career, they’re looking forward to further qualifications. This course is a small segment of the time in which they become psychologists.

There’s the course timescale, or the section of it I’m focusing on, the first few days when they meet for the first time and put together their project proposal.

And there are the individual postings – the pieces which are put together to make up the project proposal.

And there is the Project Proposal Form, the improvable object which they move through those few days, changing it a little or a lot, focusing on finishing it and getting it to the right place at the right time. I think if I justfocus on that as the improvable object, I miss something about the group as an improvable object. They start with  a number of individuals, who have been put together on a list, and they end the few days as a group working together. I think perhaps I’m interested in both of those. And, indeed, if I look at the things that students and tutors set as goals, some of them are things like, critique the last version, or add final details to the PPF, but some are things like get to know each other’s strengths or just, enjoy the weekend.

And, of course, the postings also carry forward through time, and they are also developed and improved as people copy them and quote them. Hmm. This might be where part of my typographical analysis comes in. So I might focus on improvable objects, and I might set the timescales section as background description rather than as analysis? And I have to keep making sure I’m linking back to asynchronous dialogue (AD). How does AD help with this, and how do these improvable objects support the learning with AD? Would they be possible or similar with F2F or synchronous dialogue?

Comfort zone

When I was studying English, or history, I could curl up in bed with a textbook and feel relaxed and cheerful. It’s never been like that in IET. Apart from the odd easy read – like Howard Rheingold on virtual communities – it all feels like work. Interesting, but work.

I’ve just read Walter Ong’s 1982 book ‘Orality and literacy’ and reclaimed that lost sense of comfort. Yes, there are pages of references and the text swings across 4000 years and several continents. But they’re references I’m happy with. Been there, done that, struggled with that, understood that. I know why Jaynes felt that there was a significant gap between the writing of the Iliad and the Odyssey, how Robinson Crusoe relates to Tom Jones, why Anansi is important, why Ong is wrong in his references to Hebrew and why Sterne’s use of typography was significant.
I think this is why I struggle so much more with the psychological literature. I feel adrift with so few points of reference. Even my points of reference I only know sketchily. No matter how diligently I read the literature of pedagogy and education, my grasp of it never feels more than superficial when compared with my grasp of English literature.

Forbidden colours – is it just me?

What I find particularly hard in reading Vygotsky is the gaps in my knowledge. It’s not just the obscure terms translated, or not translated, from the Russian. It’s not just that I haven’t read the philosophers and psychologists on whom his work builds, so there’s a yawning gap before him. It’s also that there’s a yawning gap after him.

I’m reading about the ‘forbidden colours’ experiment. Leonte’ev takes children of various ages and tells them that in the following interview they are not to mention two particular colours (eg red and blue) and that they are to mention all other colours only once. He gives them cards of each different colours, so they can use them as tools to mediate their memory (they won’t necessarily directly remember which colours they have mentioned, but their arrangement or use of the cards will jog their memory). Then he asks them a series of questions like ‘Have you ever been to the theatre’, interspersed with colour questions like ‘what colour is a tomato’, ‘what colour is the sky’. The older children get, the more likely they are to use the cards and to succeed in the task. In the accounts I am reading, Vygotsky appears to take this as evidence that you develop your ability to use mediating devices to support your memory.

But to me it doesn’t say that at all. It tells me that children develop a more sophisticated view of adults and of how adults behave. How many seven year olds, faced with a research scientist and asked what colour a tomato is are going to fail to say red? In their experience, adults who ask that sort of question get angry and think you stupid if you give them the wrong answer.

If you told them that in their computer game they couldn’t use the red or blue keys and they could use each colour key only once or they’d lose a life, they’d soon use mnemonic devices to sort that out.

So to me that experiment is profoundly flawed. Now, this may be my fault, because I haven’t understood it correctly, or because I have read incomplete accounts of it. On the other hand, it may be that everyone who has read of it thinks of it as a flawed experiment. I just don’t know. And it takes SO long to find out.

What I haven’t been doing :-)

I usually blog what I have been doing but, in an effort to follow my supervisors’ advice and cut down on my non-PhD activity, I am now blogging what I have NOT been doing.

How come, if I have turned down at least five days of activity since my last supervision session that I still feel I ought to be working twice as fast?

What I have(n’t) done

∑ Withdrew from Open Learn reading group
∑ Decided not to join EDRU reading group
∑ Ignored the JURE 2008 call for papers
∑ Deleted all seminar invitations from CREET, IET and KMI unread
∑ Did not attend IET Board
∑ Turned down invitation to expenses-paid funding seminar in London
∑ Did not attend two days of Open Learn conference
∑ Did not sign up for OU’s postgraduate conference
∑ Turned down a morning’s paid work
∑ Cancelled two days of family holiday

Research questions revisited

Well, I’m working on my literature review, so I’m bound to tinker with my research questions, aren’t I?

Also, an initial pass over my data showed me that if I just look at the skills and resources that people use to learn together online, I’m going to end up with a list. And not a very interesting list, at that.

I’m trying to look at what it buys me to consider the students as a network or one of various types of community Network doesn’t feel quite right, and I’m not entirely sure why. Something to do with it not being completely people centred. Community of practice isn’t right, either, because you can’t really argue that six students and two tutors make up a community of practice.

So I think I’ve either got a community of learners or a learning community. Whichever, I need to look at what I gain by looking at them as a community. I get all the elements of what a community is – reason for being a community, history, language, boundedness, members…

Today’s research questions are therefore:

How do students mobilise the resources of their online learning community in order to build knowledge?

What constrains them from mobilising these resources?

(I could use ‘affordances’ instead of ‘resources’ but then I’d have to go into the whole ‘what are affordances and what do I mean by them? debate – and I’d get saddled with a word which I think will date fairly quickly.)

Unit of analysis

I think I may have grasped the point of activity theory. It’s about looking for common units of analysis with which you can analyse and compare a great variety of stuations. I think.

Which leads me to ask what my unit of analysis is. I got caught up earlier in whether the unit of analysis in a FirstClass conference was the word, the sentence, the sense unit, the posting… I therefore lost sight of more theoretically linked units of analysis.

My supervisors have been trying to push me towards this by pointing out that it is contradictory to focus on the group and the individual and that my theoretical framework should lead me to focus on one or the other. Which I did take on board. But on reflection, I think they were making a much broader and more basic point than I had previously grasped. Which is often the case.

My pilot – yet again

I’ve done three or four really serious versions of my pilot for my supervisors over the last 18 months, and it’s STILL not right 🙁

I know when I’ve rewritten it another couple of times there’ll be a time when it’ll be fab and I’ll be really pleased with it and it will make utter and complete sense in terms of my PhD – but I wish that time was NOW :-/

Tag clouding

I have knocked my 21 interviews into more-or-less usable form. I now have about 27,000 words of interview response data which is a fair amount to work my way through.

To give me some initial pointers, I have made it all into tag clouds using the very user-friendly site tagcrowd.com

The picture below shows a tag cloud for all my interview data, including the frequency of the words in the tag cloud. Ignore the highlighting (Snag It put that in as it was doing the screen grab) it’s the size of the words which is important.

‘Group’ and ‘work’ are obviously key words, and the fact that this is an ‘online’ ‘course’. Moving beyond the obvious, though, I’m interested in the words which relate to constructing knowledge together: answers, asked,chat, collaborative, communication, discussion, experience….