My data as a tag cloud
This time I’m removing the interviewee’s sign off, which is their complete address. If I do any word frequency or tag coud analysis, sign offs like that could skew the figures. On the other hand, in the conferences, I think I’l keep in people’s stock signatures because they perform a number of functions.
Oh, and I’m fed up with the tiny glitches in the way in which text transfers from Outlook to Word. I’m trying to remove double spaces, and they either transfer as a combination of hard and soft returns, or they transfer with a sprinkling of little floating bubbles which Find and Replace can’t pick up.
Nothing’s ever straightforward, is it?
I realised that I asked different questions of the tutors and the students, so ‘question 1’ won’t mean the same thing in every place. So now I have question 1 (the tutor’s question) and question 1s.
I have an interview which intersperses my questions with the answers, so Ive added another style to pick out my questions.
Then the interviewee introduced two tables to her answer. And very useful tables they are. I don’t think they’ll import into NVivo, though, so I have had to rearrange as text. And then she attached a PDF document – and then a Word document. I’ve imported the text of both – but not the formatting, and then I’ve had to add in notes to remind me what I’ve done at each point.
So, I had my eyes tested and realised why I’ve not been getting on with my literature review – I can’t see to read the literature! New glasses on order, so I’m making a start on preparing my data for analysis.
You’d think epistolary interviews would be straightforward to input, but there are decisions to be made, even so. Because somewhere on the back burner I have an article about epistolary interviewing, I’m temted to retain a lot of things which are irrelevant to my doctoral research.
Type size, face and colour, how quickly they responded, whether they interspersed their answers amonst my question, whether they started a new email or hit ‘Reply’ to mine. I’ve decided all that is irrelevant at this point, so everything is being styled ‘Normal’. Same font, same font size, same spacing. This gets problematic when they have mixed their question with my answer, but I’m sure I’ll think of something.
I’m going to put all this in NVivo eventually, so I want it as NVivo friendly as possible, which means thinking about the styling. I’ve used four heading levels to style the copy. That means I can pick out their name, their group, whether they are student or tutor and which question they are answering. I hope these prove sufficient – it’s going to be so frustrating if I find there were other categories I should have added at this stage.
Oh, and I have to pick everyone a pseudonym. Must remember to make them noticeably different this time. Last time I had Carol and Karen and Caroline and it thoroughly confused me.
Met Chris at the Designs for e-learning conference in London last week and his work is really relevant to what I am doing.
What’s more, his presentation (of which he’s sent me a copy, thanks Chris) provoked a series of interesting questions. I therefore won’t blog about his presentation, as I have the full details of that elsewhere, but just note down some pointers from the Q&A session which may prove useful in future.
Why do conferences give out style sheets for papers, impose word lengths, demand specific referencing styles but never ever give people any guidance about producing a good Powerpoint?
How is it that intelligent people sit through Powerpoint presentation after Powerpoint presentation without ever deducing some of the principles of good design and good presentation?
* If you use 12, 15 or, God forbid, 20 lines of text on your slide we can’t read it at the back.
* If your background is green (and why is it green?) then don’t highlight in purple. It just means we can’t read the things you think are important.
* If you need lecture notes, then write yourself lecture notes. Don’t read us the Powerpoint!
* If it took you two years to devise your research questions, don’t read them through once quickly to us and expect us to remember them or understand them.
* If you need a rest, have it before or after your presentation. We want to see you – not the top of your head while you’re sitting down.
* If the lights are full on then your presntation appears dim. Take control of your environment. Find a light switch.
* If half the audience are checking their texts then your presentation is rubbish. Stop now.
I wanted to blog about the EARLI conference in my ‘research essentials’ blog but I seem to have misremembered the password and I haven’t got any note of it on this computer. Not much point to having a blog I can’t access.
Only a book review – but it is out there!
Ferguson, R., Thinking and Learning with ICT: Raising Achievement in Primary Classrooms, R. Wegerif and L.Dawes. (2004) ISBN: 0-415-30475-X, Thinking Skills and Creativity (2007), doi:10.1016/j.tsc.2007.07.001
I’m revisiting my pilot study as I rewrite the conference paper which I based on it. I’ve realised that not all my data was coded using the final coding scheme, so I’m doing a quick code.
I’ve realised that what I’m looking for really affects my coding. I’m not particularly interested in course materials and tutors at the moment, so I’m skimping on my coding which relates to them.
Looking at this scheme, I still have too many codes (I’ve got six categories – all of which can be coded deep, strategic or surface). Eighteen is too many to keep in your head at one time – even with them all on a piece of paper in front of my nose and I can ony concentrate on a few at a time.
And I feel a huge part of the premise underlying the coding scheme is wrong. I’m interested in when the students are doing social things, organisational things and educational things. That’s much more important than whether they are doing things in a deep, strategic or surface way.
This is all very useful experience in using a coding scheme, but it’s rather frustrating when you’re stuck with something that is wrong but you still have to run with it (no way am I going to completely recode everything in time to get this in by the end of next week).
(Based on B. Lin, C. Hsieh / Computers & Education 37 (2001) 377–386 )
Objectivist learning model
Learning is a change in the behavioral disposition of an organism that can be shaped by selective reinforcement. The goal of learning is to understand objective reality and modify behaviour accordingly. The goal of teaching is to transmit knowledge from the expert to the learner.
Constructivist learning model
Knowledge is created, or constructed, by each learner. The mind is not a tool for reproducing an external reality, but rather it produces its own, unique conception of events.
Individuals learn better when they are forced to discover things themselves rather than when they are instructed. Learning occurs when an individual interacts with objects.
Cooperative learning model
Learning emerges through interaction of individuals with other individuals. Learning occurs as individuals exercise, verify, solidify, and improve their mental models through discussion and information sharing. Knowledge is created as it is shared, learners have prior knowledge they can contribute to the discussion, participation is critical to learning.
Cognitive information processing model
Learning involves processing instructional input to develop, test, and refine mental models in long-term memory until they are effective and reliable enough in problem-solving situations (Schuell, 1986). Learners differ in terms of their preferred learning style and instructional methods that match an individual’s learning style will be the most effective (Bovy, 1981). Prior knowledge is represented by a mental model which is an important determinant
of how effectively the learner will process new information.
Sociocultural learning model
There is no one external reality. Students should participate on their own terms. Instruction should not deliver a single interpretation of reality nor a culturally biased interpretation of reality.
Computational model
Beliefs, desires, and other intentions are stored in minds as information. Not only knowledge, but also beliefs and skills are bits of information that become meaningful when they are organized into symbols, patterns, and relationships.