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Description
This programme is concerned with the theoretical background to the separation of substances by fractional distillation. A simple apparatus is used to establish that a mixture of liquids of similar... boiling temperatures cannot be separated by direct distillation. The programme then turns to consider the vapour pressure in equilibrium with pure liquids and mixtures at various temperatures. This section establishes 1) The vapour pressure above a liquid is the same whether air is present or only the vapour. 2) That the boiling temperature is that temperature at which the vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure. 3) That the vapour in equilibrium with a liquid mixture is richer in the lower boiling temperature components than the liquid. Point three is developed to explain how a fractionation column operates. This theoretical background is then used to explain why in industry separation of products often requires several fractionating columns of different heights working under different conditions.
This programme is concerned with the theoretical background to the separation of substances by fractional distillation. A simple apparatus is used to establish that a mixture of liquids of similar... boiling temperatures cannot be separated by direct distillation. The programme then turns to consider the vapour pressure in equilibrium with pure liquids and mixtures at various temperatures. This section establishes 1) The vapour pressure above a liquid is the same whether air is present or only the vapour. 2) That the boiling temperature is that temperature at which the vapour pressure equals atmospheric pressure. 3) That the vapour in equilibrium with a liquid mixture is richer in the lower boiling temperature components than the liquid. Point three is developed to explain how a fractionation column operates. This theoretical background is then used to explain why in industry separation of products often requires several fractionating columns of different heights working under different conditions.
| Module code and title: | ST294, Principles of chemical processes |
|---|---|
| Item code: | ST294; 05 |
| First transmission date: | 14-04-1975 |
| Published: | 1975 |
| Rights Statement: | |
| Restrictions on use: | |
| Duration: | 00:24:17 |
| + Show more... | |
| Producer: | Barrie Whatley |
| Contributors: | I. Boustead; Robert Ross |
| Publisher: | BBC Open University |
| Keyword(s): | Atmospheric pressure; Equilibrium; Fractional distillation; Mixture of liquids; Pure liquids; Vapour pressure |
| Master spool number: | 6HT/71434 |
| Production number: | 00525_1157 |
| Videofinder number: | 2755 |
| Available to public: | no |
