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Description
This programme illustrates sections of the text of Unit 4 and is divided into two parts. First a demonstration of some of the diverse feeding organs of molluscs and secondly, a demonstration of the... anatomy and functioning of the stomach of ruminant mammals. The speakers are Dr. Margaret Varley, Senior Lecturer in Biology at the Open University, and Jeff Thomas, Lecturer in Biology at the Open University. The form and function of three different types of gastropod radula are examined. The snail Helix, the oyster drill Urosalpinx, and the cone shell Conus, are all observed feeding and the specialisations shown by the radulae discussed. The functioning of the lamellibranch gill as a food collecting organ is demonstrated by following the path of a suspension of carmine particles dropped onto the gills. The anatomy of a fresh sheep stomach is demonptrated with the aid of a model and live ciliates from the ruman of this preparation are examined under the microscope. The churning of rumen contents and the entry of saliva, water and food into the rumen during normal feeding, are shown in a film taken inside a cow's rumen. An X-ray film sequence of a calf ingesting a meal of milk mixed with barium demonstrates how, in the young ruminant, food can by-pass the rumen by travelling along the oesophageal groove direct to the abomasum. Jeff Thomas discusses the specialised digestive system of the Aiminant animals. He shows a sheep stomach and then a model. He points out the various parts of a sheep stomach on this model. The model is a sectional model and Thomas takes it apart as he goes along. Thomas then returns to the live stomach and points out anatomical details which the model did not show. Thomas goes back to the model of the stomach to explain what will be seen in the following film sequence. Film sequence taken inside a cow's stomach shows the churning of the rumen contents and the entry of saliva, water and food into the rumen during normal feeding. Thomas places a sample of live ciliates from a cow's stomach under the microscope. He explains the function of the ciliates in ruminants. Thomas introduces the next film sequence. He points out the features in ruminants which allows milk in the young to bypass the rumen and go direct to the abomasum (He uses the sheep stomach). Film sequence (Xray) shows Calf ingesting milk mixed with barium isotope and by-passing the rumen by travelling along the oesophagcial groove to the abomasum.
This programme illustrates sections of the text of Unit 4 and is divided into two parts. First a demonstration of some of the diverse feeding organs of molluscs and secondly, a demonstration of the... anatomy and functioning of the stomach of ruminant mammals. The speakers are Dr. Margaret Varley, Senior Lecturer in Biology at the Open University, and Jeff Thomas, Lecturer in Biology at the Open University. The form and function of three different types of gastropod radula are examined. The snail Helix, the oyster drill Urosalpinx, and the cone shell Conus, are all observed feeding and the specialisations shown by the radulae discussed. The functioning of the lamellibranch gill as a food collecting organ is demonstrated by following the path of a suspension of carmine particles dropped onto the gills. The anatomy of a fresh sheep stomach is demonptrated with the aid of a model and live ciliates from the ruman of this preparation are examined under the microscope. The churning of rumen contents and the entry of saliva, water and food into the rumen during normal feeding, are shown in a film taken inside a cow's rumen. An X-ray film sequence of a calf ingesting a meal of milk mixed with barium demonstrates how, in the young ruminant, food can by-pass the rumen by travelling along the oesophageal groove direct to the abomasum. Jeff Thomas discusses the specialised digestive system of the Aiminant animals. He shows a sheep stomach and then a model. He points out the various parts of a sheep stomach on this model. The model is a sectional model and Thomas takes it apart as he goes along. Thomas then returns to the live stomach and points out anatomical details which the model did not show. Thomas goes back to the model of the stomach to explain what will be seen in the following film sequence. Film sequence taken inside a cow's stomach shows the churning of the rumen contents and the entry of saliva, water and food into the rumen during normal feeding. Thomas places a sample of live ciliates from a cow's stomach under the microscope. He explains the function of the ciliates in ruminants. Thomas introduces the next film sequence. He points out the features in ruminants which allows milk in the young to bypass the rumen and go direct to the abomasum (He uses the sheep stomach). Film sequence (Xray) shows Calf ingesting milk mixed with barium isotope and by-passing the rumen by travelling along the oesophagcial groove to the abomasum.
| Module code and title: | S22-, Comparative physiology |
|---|---|
| Item code: | S22-; 04; 1972 |
| Episode | 4 |
| First transmission date: | 04-03-1972 |
| Published: | 1972 |
| Rights Statement: | Rights owned or controlled by The Open University |
| Restrictions on use: | This material can be used in accordance with The Open University conditions of use. A link to the conditions can be found at the bottom of all OUDA web pages. |
| Duration: | 00:24:27 |
| + Show more... | |
| Producer: | Tony Laryea |
| Contributors: | Jeff Thomas; Peggy Varley |
| Publisher: | BBC Open University |
| Keyword(s): | Anatomy; Conus; Feeding organs; Gastropod radula; Helix; Lamellibranch gill; Molluscs; Ruminant mammals; Sheep stomach; Urosalpinx |
| Footage description: | Jeff Thomas introduces the programme. Peggy Varley with a working model of a radula. She demonstrates and explains. Film sequence shows a snail feeding on a dish of agar. The radula is clearly seen. Commentary by Varley. Peggy Varley with a stereo-scan of a radula, She uses this to show how the radula provides such a sharp cutting action during feeding. The radula in this case is unspecialised and used for feeding on plant food. Varley goes on to discuss radula which have become specialised. She holds up an oyster shell which has had a hole drilled through it by the radula of a Urosalpinx (oysterdrill) Varley explains the technique used to obtain the following film sequence showing the oyster drill in action. Fjlm sequence shows the oyster drill attacking an oyster with a combination of chemical secretion and radula movement. Peggy Varley explains how the radula of the oyster drill can be used both to drill through the shell and to cut away food once inside. She uses another stereo scan picture as an aid. She then shows how the system works using a model. of the animal. Peggy Varley with a shell of a conus. She explains how the animal uses its radula. She points out the specialisation in the radula on a photograph. Here the radula is shot into the prey like a harpoon and a poison is released. Film sequence shows the conus attaching first a snail and then a fish using its harpoon like radula. The fish is shown being eaten. Peggy Varley cuts open a mussel to show the internal structure of the animal. She puts a dye on the gills, to demonstrate how the animal uses its gill as a food collecting organ. Film sequence shows the ciliamoving particles along the gills (film under magnification). Varley asks students to think about the problem of examining the operation of the mussel gill in an animal that has not been forced open. |
| Master spool number: | 6LT/70238 |
| Production number: | 00521_2199 |
| Videofinder number: | 3578 |
| Available to public: | no |
